Beyond this sorrowful history, Africa is starting a new glorious history and showing up on the international stage of society. In this circumstance, many countries are scheming to go and advance the many countries of the bright continent, Africa. Also, many scholars are prognosticating Africa’s promising future because of affluent natural recourses and abounding people as buyers. Especially, as the cost of petroleum is increasing dramatically worldwide and there are many resources that are not developed even in the 21st century. Therefore, many countries are regarding Africa as a new treasure of natural resources. Therefore, many developed countries want to work together with African countries, and many people think that the African countries are a continent becoming the star of the stage called the global world. However, some people worry about a second colonialism that might be advancing in Africa.

The representative example is the controversy between China and western countries. Last June, the Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, and Economist, famous western presses, criticized the Chinese government for advancing into Africa. They argued that China is pillaging African natural resources, for example petroleum, iron, and natural gas. Against this insistence, China reproached western countries. China insisted that western countries are really colonizing Africa.

In fact, China and western countries, including France, the United States, and others are investing there. Their investments are aggressive. Thanks to the investment, many developments can be made in Africa.

However, it is an obvious fact that there can be a possibility that the second colonialism is again occurring in Africa . That is ‘neo-colonialism’. Neo-colonialism has some basic characteristics; admitting liberalization, they govern and colonize other countries indirectly. In addition to this, there is economic and military aids. Let us see one example, China . China is helping many African countries. Last January, the Chinese government announced the ‘Three Spirit’ project about Africa ; political equality, economic cooperation, and mutual trust. China is walking along with Africa . China is aiding in military, capital, debt, and so on. Moreover, they hold a ‘ China – Africa Forum’ and go on resource Safaris in Africa . However, many cases are similar to imperialism. Some Chinese enterprises treat local labors discriminately and force them to work in awful places. The inexpensive Chinese products devastate local industries and the Chinese government dispatches nationals to supervise.

Many western countries are not different from China . These western countries are developed countries and have many multi-international corporations. These corporations go further and start their own businesses in Africa. Especially, they find and develop petroleum. However, they are only thinking of their profit. They did not establish rudimentary engineering structures or build an infra system. Therefore, the natural environment has been destroyed and local people are tormented with undrinkable water, large fires, and other hardships. Moreover, African children are used to these new products, because of the cheap payment. Finally, in Nigeria, the largest oil producing country in Africa, 95 percent of oil production is under the effects of western countries and their multi international corporations.

Development is a fantastic concept. It is a fancy dream to many people who live in developing countries. Therefore, many countries and people in Africa might welcome development and are grateful. However, one side of development is not about genuine development. Development must improve the current situation of many poor people and nations of Africa. If the situation is not improved, we cannot designate the changes as a development.